Full Information of Chandrayaan 3 and Budget

Full Information on Chandrayaan 3  and Budget

Information Of Chandrayaan-3 

India's third lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 took off, it was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh at 2:35 pm. 

As a follow-up to the failed Chandrayaan-2 mission, Chandrayaan-3 was first announced in 2019 and was expected to launch in 2021. However, the launch was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was finally launched on July 14, 2023.

The spacecraft entered lunar orbit on August 5 and landed near the moon's south pole at 6:03 pm on August 23, making India the fourth country to perform a successful landing. First on the Moon and near the Moon's south pole. It was sprayed after landing on 3 September and was 30–40 cm above the landing site. After completing this mission objective, the lander rover was expected to surface for further operations on September 22, 2023, but the awakening was withdrawn and the second lunar night began on September 30, and thus again The hope of awakening is gone. On the other hand, the propulsion module left lunar orbit on October 9, 2023, and returned to Earth orbit on November 22, 2023.

History:-

On July 22, 2019, ISRO launched Chandrayaan-2 on a Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), which consists of an orbiter, a lander, and a rover. The Pragya rover was scheduled to land on the lunar surface on September 6, 2019, for deployment. While attempting to land near the Moon's south pole, the spacecraft lost contact with mission control, deviated from its intended trajectory, and crashed.

The South Pole region of the Moon is of particular interest for scientific investigation. Studies show that there is a lot of snowfall here. The mountainous terrain and unpredictable light prevent the ice from melting, but it also makes it difficult to conduct scientific investigations there. The ice may contain compounds in the solid state that would normally melt under warmer conditions elsewhere on the Moon – compounds that may provide information about the history of the Moon, Earth, and the Solar System. In the future, ice could be a source of potable water and hydrogen for fuel and oxygen for manned missions and outposts.

Meaning -:

ISRO's mission objectives for the Chandrayaan-3 mission are:

Land engineering and implementation for safe and trouble-free landing on the lunar surface.
Observation and demonstration of rover maneuvers on the Moon.
To conduct experiments and observe the materials available on the Moon to better understand the structure of the Moon.

Space ship -:

Chandrayaan-3 has three main components: a propulsion module, a ground module, and a rover.

Propulsion module:-

The propulsion module pushed the lander configuration into a 100-kilometer (62 mi) lunar orbit. It was a box-like structure with a large solar panel on one side and a cylindrical mounting structure (intermodular adapter cone) for grounding on the top.

A few months after the completion of the ground portion of the mission, ISRO officials said that the propulsion module is equipped with two radioisotope heating units (RHUs) to be developed by BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre) and the RHUs to generate electricity for electrical heating. Is designed for. Designed to. Uses the decay of radioactive materials to maintain the ship at its operating temperature. [Who?] believes media disclosures have been delayed for national security reasons. Chandrayaan-3 project director P Veeramuthuvel said ISRO may use nuclear resources to maintain instruments on the rover in the future. Later, ISRO officials said that RHU could not be installed on Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander and Pragya rover as it would have increased their mass. This gave them a maximum lifespan of 14 Earth days or 1 lunar day. On December 4, 2023, ISRO reported that the propulsion module had re-entered Earth orbit. The main purpose of re-entry was to allow observations of Earth by spectro-polarimetric instruments.

#Chandrayaan 3 Budget :-

In 2020 Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) chairman K Sivan was talking to reporters and told them that the cost of Chandrayaan-3 was around Rs 615 crore. Out of which the cost of launch services was around Rs 365 crore and the cost of the lander, and rover propulsion module was Rs 250 crore.

#Chandrayaan 3 Launch Date -

Chandrayaan-3 was launched on 14 July 2023 at 2:35 PM IST and completed a 100 km circular polar orbit lunar launch as part of phase one.

The lander and rover are expected to land near the Moon's south pole region on August 23, 2023. The Chandrayaan-3 mission is an important step towards future interplanetary missions of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

#Vikram Lander:-

Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) to measure lander payload temperature and thermal conductivity; the Lunar Seismic Activity Instrument (ILSA) to measure seismicity around the landing site; Langmuir probe (LP) to estimate plasma density and its variations. The NASA Passive Laser Retroreflector Array has been used for lunar laser studies.

Earth was responsible for the record moon soft landing. It is also box-shaped and has four landing stages and four landing thrusters, each capable of generating 800 Newtons of thrust. It carries a rover and uses various scientific instruments to conduct analyses on the ground. The lander has four variable thrust engines with the ability to vary the thrust rate, unlike the lander Chandrayaan-2, which has five, with the fifth centrally installed and the only fixed thrust capable of landing failure. This was the main reason That the height of Chandrayaan's Camera-2 platform has been increased. This was eliminated by allowing the landing pitch and pitch to be controlled at each stage of landing. The altitude correction rate increased from 10°/second with Chandrayaan-2 to 25°/second with Chandrayaan-3. Additionally, the Chandrayaan-3 lander is equipped with a Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) that can measure altitude in three directions. Compared to Chandrayaan-2, the shock legs have been strengthened and the instrument cluster has been improved. Based on images provided by the Orbital High-Resolution Camera (OHRC) in Chandrayaan-2 orbit, 16 more precise landing zones were targeted. ISRO has improved structural rigidity, increased instrument involvement, improved frequency, and data transmission, and also added several emergency systems to improve survivability on the ground in case of take-off and landing malfunctions.

Discount -:

On August 23, 2023, as the lander reached the lowest point in its orbit, its four engines fired 30 kilometers (19 mi) above the lunar surface as part of a braking maneuver, 11.5 minutes later, at 7.2 km/h. Descended at a speed of. , It maintained altitude for about 10 seconds, then was stabilized using eight small thrusters and rotated from a horizontal position to a vertical position to continue its descent.

It then used two of its four engines to slow its descent by about 150 meters (490 ft); It stayed there for about 30 seconds, moving into its optimal landing position before landing at 12:33 pm.

Surface work:-

On September 3, after all operations were completed, the rover went into sleep mode. According to ISRO, its battery was charged and the receiver was switched on in preparation for the upcoming lunar night. It was expected to last one lunar day or 14 Earth days, and the onboard electronics would have to withstand nighttime temperatures of −120 °C (−184 °F) on the Moon, for which they were not designed. [66] On September 22, the lander and rover woke up. The call was abandoned and no one responded until 28 September, dashing hopes of further surface action.

The propulsion module re-entered the Earth's orbit:-

Chandrayaan-3's propulsion module was placed in Earth orbit outside lunar orbit although SHAPE was scheduled to remain in lunar orbit for three months, carrying one kilogram of additional fuel for future lunar missions. Will provide. Assisted flight missions. ISRO's flight dynamics team developed the software to validate the return technique.

#Rover:-

Acquisition of the basement structure of the landing site for the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectroscope (PXX) and Laser Inspired Breakdown Spectroscope (ELIBS).

More Information  Chandrayaan-3

1. Six Wheeled Design

2. Weight of 26 Kilograms (57 pounds)

3. Range of 500 Metres (1,600 ft)

4. Scientific Instruments including cameras, spectrometers, and a drill

5. Expected lifespan of one lunar day (14 Earth days)

6. Communication with the lander and ground control team in India

#Chandrayaan 3 Landing Date -

Chandrayaan-3 is the third lunar mission by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) designed for launch to the Moon.Chandrayaan-2 will have a lander and a rover, but will not have an orbiter.

This mission is a sequel to Chandrayaan-2, as the soft landing attempt failed due to a glitch in the guidance program at the last moment after entry into the lunar orbit after the success of the backward mission, this new lunar mission was proposed to make a successful attempt to recover the soft landing.

Jitendra Singh said that the Chandrayaan-3 is likely to enter the Moon's orbit by the ‘first week of August’. "By 23 August the Chandrayaan-3 will land on the South Pole of the Moon", Singh added.